ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY UNIT 4
ANEMOMETER
An
instrument that measures the speed of wind.
ANTICYCLONE
An
area of high atmospheric pressure, giving rise to dry and stable weather.
ATMOSPHERE
The
gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth and protects it from harmful radiation
from the Sun.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Pressure
on the Earth’s surface caused by the weight of the atmosphere above.
BAROMETER
An
instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
CLIMATE
The
usual state of the atmosphere in a region over a long period of time.
CLIMOGRAPH
A
graphical representation of average monthly precipitation and temperatures in a
given place.
CONVECTIONAL RAIN
A
type of precipitation found mostly in the tropics where the Sun causes the air
to heat up and rise. It then cools, the water vapour condenses and heavy rain
storms occur.
DEPRESSION (weather)
An
area of low atmospheric pressure, giving rise to storms.
EXOSPHERE
The
highest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
FRONT
The
line of separation between air masses.
FRONTAL RAIN
A
type of precipitation found in temperate zones and happens when a mass of warm
air. The warm air rises and cools, the water vapour condenses and raindrops
form.
ISOBAR
A
line on a weather map that connects places with the same atmospheric pressure.
ISOHYET
A
line on a weather map that connects places with the same amount of
precipitation.
ISOTHERM
A
line on a weather map that connects places with the same temperature.
JET STREAM
A
current of cold air that crosses Europe between the cold and temperate zones.
MESOSPHERE
The
layer of the Earth’s atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere.
MONSOON
A
wind that blows towards the Asian continent in summer, causing heavy rainfall
and flooding.
OZONE LAYER
A
layer of gas in the stratosphere that absorbs the Sun’s radiation.
RELIEF RAIN
A
type of precipitation found in mountainous areas.,when a mass of moving air meets
a mountain and is
pushed upwards.
pushed upwards.
TEMPERATURE
A
measure of how hot a place is. A thermometer is used to measure temperature.
THERMOMETER
An
instrument for measuring temperature, usually expressed in degrees centigrade
(ºC).
THERMOSPHERE
The
layer of the Earth’s atmosphere between the mesosphere and the exosphere.
TROPOSPHERE
The
lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
WEATHER
The
meteorological conditions in a place at a specific time.
WEATHER CHART
A
chart that shows atmospheric conditions and is used to make weather forecasts.
WEATHER VANE
An
instrument that indicates the direction of wind.
WIND
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