UNIT 7: EXPANSION AND DISCOVERIES
NEW MONARCHIES (VIDEO)
This video is about New Monarchies that developed in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. I cover the ways in which monarchs consolidated power, paving the way for the modern nation-state, and the different success rates in eastern and western Europe.
This video is about New Monarchies that developed in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. I cover the ways in which monarchs consolidated power, paving the way for the modern nation-state, and the different success rates in eastern and western Europe.
FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAIN (VIDEO)
In this video, Paul Sargent examines the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and rate their inclusion in the list of new monarchs of the 15th century. He highlights their consolidation of power, the Reconquista, the Spanish Inquisition, and their financing of New World exploration.
In this video, Paul Sargent examines the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and rate their inclusion in the list of new monarchs of the 15th century. He highlights their consolidation of power, the Reconquista, the Spanish Inquisition, and their financing of New World exploration.
THE SPANISH INQUISITION (HISTORY CHANNEL)
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition.
HOW PORTUGAL BECAME THE FIRST GLOBAL SEA POWER (DOCUMENTARY)
VASCO DE GAMA - PORTUGUESE EXPLORER
Vasco da Gama, was a Portuguese explorer who was commander of the first ships to sail straight from Europe to India.
WHO REALLY DISCOVERED AMERICA (DOCUMENTARY)
Did other explorers beat Columbus to our shores? New evidence suggests that America may have been discovered -- and rediscovered -- by Asian, Celtic, and Polynesian tribes, among others. Dramatic recreations augment the story of these amazing journeys.
THE MAYA: ENGINEERING A AN EMPIRE
At the height of its glory, this mysterious civilization ruled a territory of 125,000 square miles across parts of Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize. What began as a modest population of hunters and gatherers expanded into more than forty flourishing city-states built within lush rainforests and ruled by dynasties of mighty kings. In an extraordinary burst of creativity from 250 AD to 900 AD, without the use of metal, pack animals or even the wheel, the Maya engineered sky-high temple-pyramids, ornate palaces and advanced hydraulic systems - all to appease their gods and support their growing populations.
But the building of the giant Maya world did not come without extreme consequences. As the urban centers grew, so did the political tensions between neighboring kingdoms and the demand for natural resources. By 900 AD, the classic Maya cities collapsed, and the glittering structures that once dominated the horizon were reclaimed by the wild jungles of Central America and hidden for centuries.
Where did the Maya come from? And what catastrophes had overwhelmed their cities? Many of the answers lie in the Maya hieroglyphs, a cryptic writing system that is taking hundreds of years to decipher. From it, we can begin to understand how the ancient Maya constructed the most innovative civilization of the New World.
From the Temple-Pyramids at Tikal, to the royal tomb at Palenque, to the star observatory at Chichén Itzá, this episode will examine the architecture and infrastructure that enabled the rise and fall of the ancient Maya civilization.
THE AZTECS EMPIRE (NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY DOCUMENTARY)
The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. mean "people from Aztlan", a mythological place for the Nahuatl-speaking culture of the time, and later adopted as the word to define the Mexica people. Often the term "Aztec" refers exclusively to the Mexica people of Tenochtitlan
Sometimes the term also includes the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan's two principal allied city-states, the Acolhuas of Texcoco and the Tepanecs of Tlacopan, who together with the Mexica formed the Aztec Triple Alliance which controlled what is often known as the "Aztec Empire". In other contexts, Aztec may refer to all the various city states and their peoples, who shared large parts of their ethnic history and cultural traits with the Mexica, Acolhua and Tepanecs, and who often also used the Nahuatl language as a lingua franca. In this meaning it is possible to talk about an Aztec civilization including all the particular cultural patterns common for most of the peoples inhabiting Central Mexico in the late postclassic period.
Tenochtitlan was a city-state located on an island in Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the seat of the growing Aztec Empire in the 15th century, until it was captured by the Spanish in 1521. Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in the central part of Mexico City.
THE INCA- MASTERS OF THE CLOUDS
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
PART 1- FOUNDATIONS
This documentary is Part 1 of a 2 part series about the rise and fall of the Inca Empire. Explore the history of this vast empire from the refreshing viewpoint of Dr. Jago Cooper of the British Museum; from the pre-Incan culture that the great Inca Empire built upon, down to the core structure and beliefs of the way of the Incas.
LOST CITIES OF THE INCA: MACHU PICCHU ROAD TO THE SKY
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
THE OLMECS SECRETS OF HE ANCIENT OLMECS (DOCUMENTARY)
Over three thousand years ago, in the fertile jungles of lowland Mexico, the first civilization in the Americas was born. Five hundred years before Rome was founded, the Olmec were building great cities with pyramids and ball courts.
Considered by most archaeologists to be the mother culture of Mexico, the roots of the later Maya and Aztec cultures lie with the Olmec.
One of the most extraordinary feats of the ancient Olmec was their monumental sculptures.The inhabitants of the site of La Venta erected huge sculptures, some of which weighed up to 40 tonnes.The most famous of these are the massive stone heads.
Believed to be portraits of their leaders, they are over two meters high and sculpted entirely without the help of metal tools.There are thousands of tonnes of stones at the site but, most extraordinarily of all, these sculptures are found in an area where there is no rock available.
The area identified as the source of the Olmec boulders lies in the Tuxtla mountains over 160 kilometers away. And between these mountains and La Venta the land is criss-crossed with massive rivers and swamps which would have made the transportation even more difficult. So how did the stones get to La Venta?
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition.
PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR
PORTUGAL'S SCHOOL OF NAVIGATION :SAGRES
Portugal is a country that has no coast along the Mediterranean Sea so the country's advances in worldwide exploration centuries ago comes at no surprise. However, it was the passion and goals of one man who truly moved Portuguese exploration forward.
Prince Henry was born in 1394 as the third son of King John I (King Joao I) of Portugal. At the age of 21, in 1415, Prince Henry commanded a military force that captured the Muslim outpost of Ceuta, located on the south side of the Strait of Gibraltar.
Three years later, Prince Henry founded his Institute at Sagres on the southwestern-most point of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent - a place ancient geographers referred to as the western edge of the earth. The institute, best described as a fifteenth century research and development facility, included libraries, an astronomical observatory, ship-building facilities, a chapel, and housing for staff.
The institute was designed to teach navigational techniques to Portuguese sailors, to collect and disseminate geographical information about the world, to invent and improve navigational and seafaring equipment, to sponsor expeditions, and to spread Christianity around the world.
HOW PORTUGAL BECAME THE FIRST GLOBAL SEA POWER (DOCUMENTARY)
VASCO DE GAMA - PORTUGUESE EXPLORER
Vasco da Gama, was a Portuguese explorer who was commander of the first ships to sail straight from Europe to India.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (HISTORY CHANNEL DOCUMENARY)
ONCE UPON A TIME MAN ....THE AMERICAS
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS MOVIE FOR KIDS
Christopher Columbus is a beautiful and entertaining movie that recaptures the time when Columbus first rose to greatness, later to become one of history's greatest catalysts for his eventual discovery of America. Set in the 15th century, This movie depicts his marvellous adventures and dramatic life throughout both his childhood, as well as adulthood, until his eventual death. His great faith and courage is sure to inspire a large audience!
WHO REALLY DISCOVERED AMERICA (DOCUMENTARY)
Did other explorers beat Columbus to our shores? New evidence suggests that America may have been discovered -- and rediscovered -- by Asian, Celtic, and Polynesian tribes, among others. Dramatic recreations augment the story of these amazing journeys.
AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS
(NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTARY)
THE MAYA: ENGINEERING A AN EMPIRE
At the height of its glory, this mysterious civilization ruled a territory of 125,000 square miles across parts of Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize. What began as a modest population of hunters and gatherers expanded into more than forty flourishing city-states built within lush rainforests and ruled by dynasties of mighty kings. In an extraordinary burst of creativity from 250 AD to 900 AD, without the use of metal, pack animals or even the wheel, the Maya engineered sky-high temple-pyramids, ornate palaces and advanced hydraulic systems - all to appease their gods and support their growing populations.
But the building of the giant Maya world did not come without extreme consequences. As the urban centers grew, so did the political tensions between neighboring kingdoms and the demand for natural resources. By 900 AD, the classic Maya cities collapsed, and the glittering structures that once dominated the horizon were reclaimed by the wild jungles of Central America and hidden for centuries.
Where did the Maya come from? And what catastrophes had overwhelmed their cities? Many of the answers lie in the Maya hieroglyphs, a cryptic writing system that is taking hundreds of years to decipher. From it, we can begin to understand how the ancient Maya constructed the most innovative civilization of the New World.
From the Temple-Pyramids at Tikal, to the royal tomb at Palenque, to the star observatory at Chichén Itzá, this episode will examine the architecture and infrastructure that enabled the rise and fall of the ancient Maya civilization.
THE MAYA EMPIRE (HISTORY CHANNEL DOCUMENTARY)
THE AZTECS: ENGINEERING AN EMPIRE (DOCUMENTARY)
The story of the Aztec empire is one wrapped in myth and legend. In less than 200 years they transformed themselves from a band of wandering nomads to the greatest civilization the New World had ever known. What records remain of this amazing feat indicate they did it through brilliant military campaigns and by ingeniously applying technology to master the harsh environment they faced. They built their capital city where no city should have been possible: in the middle of a lake. They quickly transformed marshes into rich agricultural land surrounding an urban center that rivaled any city in the world at the time. They called it Tenochtitlan. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived there in 1519, and saw its gleaming pyramids, temples and places, grand canals filled with boats, enormous causeways crossing miles of lake from the mainland with aqueducts bringing fresh running water to the massive city, they actually thought they were dreaming.
But they also practiced human sacrifice on an unprecedented scale, at one time dispatching 20,000 victims at a single temple dedication ceremony. They also made many enemies. By the time the Spaniards landed they had no trouble recruiting tribal allies to destroy the Aztecs and that they did just that with amazing speed leveling Tenochtitlan completely to build their colonial capital, Mexico City, on the rubble.
From the remains of the Great Temple in Mexico City, to the construction of their Venice of the New World, this episode will examine the architecture and infrastructure behind the New World's greatest, and last, indigenous society.
But they also practiced human sacrifice on an unprecedented scale, at one time dispatching 20,000 victims at a single temple dedication ceremony. They also made many enemies. By the time the Spaniards landed they had no trouble recruiting tribal allies to destroy the Aztecs and that they did just that with amazing speed leveling Tenochtitlan completely to build their colonial capital, Mexico City, on the rubble.
From the remains of the Great Temple in Mexico City, to the construction of their Venice of the New World, this episode will examine the architecture and infrastructure behind the New World's greatest, and last, indigenous society.
THE AZTECS EMPIRE (NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY DOCUMENTARY)
The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. mean "people from Aztlan", a mythological place for the Nahuatl-speaking culture of the time, and later adopted as the word to define the Mexica people. Often the term "Aztec" refers exclusively to the Mexica people of Tenochtitlan
Sometimes the term also includes the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan's two principal allied city-states, the Acolhuas of Texcoco and the Tepanecs of Tlacopan, who together with the Mexica formed the Aztec Triple Alliance which controlled what is often known as the "Aztec Empire". In other contexts, Aztec may refer to all the various city states and their peoples, who shared large parts of their ethnic history and cultural traits with the Mexica, Acolhua and Tepanecs, and who often also used the Nahuatl language as a lingua franca. In this meaning it is possible to talk about an Aztec civilization including all the particular cultural patterns common for most of the peoples inhabiting Central Mexico in the late postclassic period.
BLOOD AND FLOWERS- IN SEARCH OF THE AZTECS
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
TENOCHTITLAN : THE IMPOSSIBLE CITY
THE INCA- MASTERS OF THE CLOUDS
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
PART 1- FOUNDATIONS
This documentary is Part 1 of a 2 part series about the rise and fall of the Inca Empire. Explore the history of this vast empire from the refreshing viewpoint of Dr. Jago Cooper of the British Museum; from the pre-Incan culture that the great Inca Empire built upon, down to the core structure and beliefs of the way of the Incas.
PART 2 - CLASH OF EMPIRES
This video is Part 2 of a 2 part series about the rise and fall of the Inca Empire. Explore the history of this vast empire from the refreshing viewpoint of Dr. Jago Cooper of the British Museum; from the pre-Incan culture that the great Inca Empire built upon, down to the core structure and beliefs of the way of the Incas. Part 2 of this series explains how the clash of Inca worldview and the Spanish Conquistadors lead to the quick demise of the empire.
LOST CITIES OF THE INCA: MACHU PICCHU ROAD TO THE SKY
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
OTHER PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURES LESS KNOWN: OLMECS, TOLTECS, ZAPOTECS, NAZCA...
THE OLMECS SECRETS OF HE ANCIENT OLMECS (DOCUMENTARY)
Over three thousand years ago, in the fertile jungles of lowland Mexico, the first civilization in the Americas was born. Five hundred years before Rome was founded, the Olmec were building great cities with pyramids and ball courts.
Considered by most archaeologists to be the mother culture of Mexico, the roots of the later Maya and Aztec cultures lie with the Olmec.
One of the most extraordinary feats of the ancient Olmec was their monumental sculptures.The inhabitants of the site of La Venta erected huge sculptures, some of which weighed up to 40 tonnes.The most famous of these are the massive stone heads.
Believed to be portraits of their leaders, they are over two meters high and sculpted entirely without the help of metal tools.There are thousands of tonnes of stones at the site but, most extraordinarily of all, these sculptures are found in an area where there is no rock available.
The area identified as the source of the Olmec boulders lies in the Tuxtla mountains over 160 kilometers away. And between these mountains and La Venta the land is criss-crossed with massive rivers and swamps which would have made the transportation even more difficult. So how did the stones get to La Venta?
OUTLINE 1: POINT 1 UNIT 7
OUTLINE 2 POINT 2 UNIT 7
OUTLINE 3 POINT 3 UNIT 7
OUTLINE 4 POINT 4 UNIT 7
OUTLINE 5 POINT5 UNIT 7
OUTLINE 6 POINT 6 UNIT 7
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