UNIT 8: RENAISSANCE
AND
REFORMATION
HISTORY OF THE RENAISSANCE
A documentary about a period that change the World with new artists, inventions and more things: the Renaissance.
THE RENAISSANCE ART AND IDEAS
This video is a small introduction to characteristics that were apart of the Renaissance movement.
THE MEDICI: GODFATHERS OF THE RENAISSANCE
From a small Italian community in 15th century Florence, the Medici family would rise to rule Europe in many ways. Using charm, patronage, skill, duplicity and ruthlessness, they would amass unparalleled wealth and unprecedented power. They would also ignite the most important cultural and artisitc revolution in Western history- the European Renaissance. But the forces of change the Medici helped unleash would one day topple their ordered world.
TRAVELS WITH VASARI
The always insightful Andrew Graham-Dixon presents an incredibly intriguing and thorough documentary on the life and literary output of the world's first art historian, Giorgio Vasari. BBC owns all copyrights.
RENAISSANCE CHARACTERISTICS
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
15 TH CENTURY ITALIAN RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE
15 TH CENTURY ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTING
FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI
Filippo Brunelleschi, the most elusive and secretive genius, embarked on technically impossible task in year 1418. It kicked off the European Renaissance and rest is history
Few men have left a legacy as monumental as Filippo Brunelleschi. He was the first modern engineer and a problem-solver with unorthodox methods. He solved one of the greatest architectural puzzles and invented his way to success. Only now is he receiving deserved recognition as the greatest architect and engineer of the Renaisssance.
Born in Florence in 1377, Brunelleschi, like his peers Ghiberti and Donatello, was apprenticed to a goldsmith, Benincasa Lotti. They worked amidst the slums of the Santa Croce quarter. It was there that young Brunelleschi learned the skills of mounting, engraving and embossing. He also studied the science of motion, using wheels, gears, cogs and weights.
In 1401, the young craftsman entered a competition to design new bronze doors for the city's baptistry. Already paranoid, Brunelleschi hid his work away, and watched as his rival, Ghiberti, the lesser technician, wooed the judges and won the commission. Legend has it that Brunelleschi stormed out of the competition when he was refused complete control, and quit the city of Florence altogether.
Brunelleschi spent the next 10-years living rough in Rome with his good friend, the sculptor Donatello, studying the ruins of the great city. He was especially interested in Roman engineering and the use of fixed proportion and Roman vaults. The construction of the Pantheon - especially the dome - fascinated him. Brunelleschi dedicated himself to understanding how it stayed up, which included pouring Roman concrete over a massive timber frame.
When Brunelleschi returned to Florence, a new prize was on offer, the magnificent Cathedral desperately needed a dome. Whilst no one had ever made a self-supporting dome before, Brunelleschi was confident that he could solve the problem. But first he had to showcase his talents.
In 1419, the Silk Merchants Guild - which included the Medici - commissioned the construction of a state orphanage. Brunelleschi worked hard to win the tender. He had already worked for the Medici, redesigning their parish church, San Lorenzo, along classical lines. Now, with these new buildings, a revolution began. Soon enormous Roman capitals and pillars, monumental windows and carved stones appeared, making this the first time true pillars were used for structural support since Ancient Roman times.
Brunelleschi was not satisfied. He hungered for the greatest prize of all, the Cathedral. The authorities demanded a demonstration. The temperamental architect displayed his strategy by standing an egg upright, breaking its bottom. The Cathedral authorities were unsure but had little choice but to trust him. To succeed, Brunelleschi needed to rewrite the rules of Western architecture and there was no guarantee of success.
Brunelleschi knew that there was not enough timber in Tuscany to build a scaffold inside the Cathedral, and the recipe for concrete had been lost since the fall of Rome. Brunelleschi instead came up with an ingenious and completely original theory. His plans showed an inner hemispherical dome within Florence cathedral's octagonal drum. A second, ovoid brick dome was to be placed on top, and nine sandstone rings would then hold the structure together, like a barrel. To raise the bricks and sandstone beams several hundred feet in the air, Brunelleschi invented a fast and efficient hoist with the world's first reverse gear, allowing an ox to raise or lower a load at the flick of a switch.
Brunelleschi had no formal training. The ideas he brought to building sites were completely new. Every day, he ensured workers remained sober by providing their lunch and watering down the wine. A safety net prevented workers from falling to their deaths, a chiming clock regulated their working hours and Brunelleschi had a canteen half way up the dome. His methods seemed to work. Only three deaths were recorded during a 16-year construction period.
With the dome complete, Cosimo de'Medici invited the Pope himself to consecrate the finished Cathedral on Easter Sunday, 1436. The dome towered majestically over the city of Florence, a triumph for the Florentine people and the city's most powerful family.
Weighing 37,000 tons and using more than 4,000,000 bricks, Brunelleschi's dome was the greatest architectural feat in the Western world.
One man alone had realized his ambition. When Brunelleschi died in 1446, he was buried beneath his towering achievement, where he remains to this day. He was the first engineer of the Renaisssance.
Few men have left a legacy as monumental as Filippo Brunelleschi. He was the first modern engineer and a problem-solver with unorthodox methods. He solved one of the greatest architectural puzzles and invented his way to success. Only now is he receiving deserved recognition as the greatest architect and engineer of the Renaisssance.
Born in Florence in 1377, Brunelleschi, like his peers Ghiberti and Donatello, was apprenticed to a goldsmith, Benincasa Lotti. They worked amidst the slums of the Santa Croce quarter. It was there that young Brunelleschi learned the skills of mounting, engraving and embossing. He also studied the science of motion, using wheels, gears, cogs and weights.
In 1401, the young craftsman entered a competition to design new bronze doors for the city's baptistry. Already paranoid, Brunelleschi hid his work away, and watched as his rival, Ghiberti, the lesser technician, wooed the judges and won the commission. Legend has it that Brunelleschi stormed out of the competition when he was refused complete control, and quit the city of Florence altogether.
Brunelleschi spent the next 10-years living rough in Rome with his good friend, the sculptor Donatello, studying the ruins of the great city. He was especially interested in Roman engineering and the use of fixed proportion and Roman vaults. The construction of the Pantheon - especially the dome - fascinated him. Brunelleschi dedicated himself to understanding how it stayed up, which included pouring Roman concrete over a massive timber frame.
When Brunelleschi returned to Florence, a new prize was on offer, the magnificent Cathedral desperately needed a dome. Whilst no one had ever made a self-supporting dome before, Brunelleschi was confident that he could solve the problem. But first he had to showcase his talents.
In 1419, the Silk Merchants Guild - which included the Medici - commissioned the construction of a state orphanage. Brunelleschi worked hard to win the tender. He had already worked for the Medici, redesigning their parish church, San Lorenzo, along classical lines. Now, with these new buildings, a revolution began. Soon enormous Roman capitals and pillars, monumental windows and carved stones appeared, making this the first time true pillars were used for structural support since Ancient Roman times.
Brunelleschi was not satisfied. He hungered for the greatest prize of all, the Cathedral. The authorities demanded a demonstration. The temperamental architect displayed his strategy by standing an egg upright, breaking its bottom. The Cathedral authorities were unsure but had little choice but to trust him. To succeed, Brunelleschi needed to rewrite the rules of Western architecture and there was no guarantee of success.
Brunelleschi knew that there was not enough timber in Tuscany to build a scaffold inside the Cathedral, and the recipe for concrete had been lost since the fall of Rome. Brunelleschi instead came up with an ingenious and completely original theory. His plans showed an inner hemispherical dome within Florence cathedral's octagonal drum. A second, ovoid brick dome was to be placed on top, and nine sandstone rings would then hold the structure together, like a barrel. To raise the bricks and sandstone beams several hundred feet in the air, Brunelleschi invented a fast and efficient hoist with the world's first reverse gear, allowing an ox to raise or lower a load at the flick of a switch.
Brunelleschi had no formal training. The ideas he brought to building sites were completely new. Every day, he ensured workers remained sober by providing their lunch and watering down the wine. A safety net prevented workers from falling to their deaths, a chiming clock regulated their working hours and Brunelleschi had a canteen half way up the dome. His methods seemed to work. Only three deaths were recorded during a 16-year construction period.
With the dome complete, Cosimo de'Medici invited the Pope himself to consecrate the finished Cathedral on Easter Sunday, 1436. The dome towered majestically over the city of Florence, a triumph for the Florentine people and the city's most powerful family.
Weighing 37,000 tons and using more than 4,000,000 bricks, Brunelleschi's dome was the greatest architectural feat in the Western world.
One man alone had realized his ambition. When Brunelleschi died in 1446, he was buried beneath his towering achievement, where he remains to this day. He was the first engineer of the Renaisssance.
DONATO BRAMANTE
MICHELANGELO (HIGH RENAISSANCE)
ST PETERS BASILICA
St. Peters Basilica - HD footage, information and facts on one of Romes most stunning sites; St. Peters Basilica. For centuries, this basilica has been the center for the Catholic faith and it is regarded as the most beautiful buildings ever made.
VICENZA AND ANDREA PALLADIO
BRUNELLESCHI AND GHIBERTI, SACRIFICE OF ISAAC, COMPETITION PANELS
Brunelleschi & Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac, competition panels for the second set of bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery, 1401-2
GHIBERTI AND THE GATES OF PARADISE OF FLORENCE CATHEDRAL
LORENZO GHIBERTI
BBC: MICHELANGELO A FILM
A short documentary about Michelangelo Buonarroti made by BBC
THE SISTINE RESTORED
This is an in depth retrospective on the decades long restoration of the Sistine Chapel.
SISTINE CHAPEL: VIRTUAL TOUR
Click on the link and Take a 3D virtual tour of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City as never seen before! Follow the guided tour or navigate yourself and explore one of the holiest sites in Catholicism.
http://www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/index_sistina_en.htm
SISTINE CHAPEL, THE TOUCH OF GOD
Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel painting masterpiece, "The Creation of Adam", was the inspiration for the "Touch of God" jewelry art pendant. The complete story of this unique miniature sculpture, that symbolizes God's gift of life. Let go and let the Touch of God.
MASACCIO
SANDRO BOTTICELLI, AN ITALIAN PAINTER
LEONARDO DA VINCI
LEONARDO 'S UNIVERSE
Bulent Atalay, himself a scientist and artist, offers a comprehensive look at Leonardo Da Vinci, his work, and the many ways in which this enigmatic genius has influenced our world.
LEONARDO DA VINCI "MONA LISA"
This video is part of the iNTERSiDEA Open Source Academy selection.
We select and share funny and instructive videos, to allow everyone to access useful information and stimulate an ongoing personal development.
This is for an educational purpose only.
We select and share funny and instructive videos, to allow everyone to access useful information and stimulate an ongoing personal development.
This is for an educational purpose only.
RAPHAEL
RAPHAEL: THE PRINCE OF PAINTERS
A rare and thorough documentary that chronicles the short but influential life of one of the greatest hardasses of the Italian High Renaissance.
RAPHAEL: A MORTAL GOD (BBC DOCUMENTARY)
BBC1 - 2004; Dramatized documentary on Raphael.
TITIAN
TITIAN: FLESH - VENETIAN ART DOCUMENTARY
Introduction to Titian's 'painterly' style, with 'its melting touch and suave effect', which he invented at the beginning of the 16th century. For the next 70 years in his studio in Venice, surrounded by poets and dukes and art historians, the occasional foreign king, and his female models - who mostly came from brothels - Titian developed this look. After his death his hazy, merging colours and rich, broken surfaces remained a touchstone of greatness in painting for 400 years.
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: HIERONYMUS BOSH
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: ALBRECHT DÜRER
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: THE SUPREME ART (EPISODE 1)
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
Series in which Joseph Leo Koerner argues that the Renaissance in Northern Europe - more so than its Italian counterpart - laid the foundations of modern art. In the early 15th century, the remarkable oil paintings of Flemish artist Jan Van Eyck transformed a lowly craft into the supreme art and began an image revolution that would change art forever.
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE: THE BIRTH OF THE ARTIST (EPISODE 2)
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
LUTHER AND THE PROTESTAN REFORMATION: CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY
In which John Green teaches you about the Protestant Reformation. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, pretty much everyone in Europe was a Roman Catholic. Not to get all great man, but Martin Luther changed all that. Martin Luther didn't like the corruption he saw in the church, especially the sale of indulgences, so he left the church and started his own. And it caught on! And it really did kind of change the world. The changes increased literacy and education, and some even say the Protestant Reformation was the beginning of Capitalism in Europe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WDBfEj9Bd4
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUAezA66tuo
KING HENRY VIII: THE CHURCH AND THE REFORMATION
This video is an introduction to the teachings of John Calvin, the father of "Reformed" or "Calvinist" theology. Calvinism is a school of systematic theology that emphasizes the sovereignty of God, who through the doctrine of predestination, has ordained an Elect to join Him in the Kingdom of Heaven. In addition to introducing the foundations of Calvinist theology, I outline the "Five Points" of Calvinism (Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints) and talk about Calvinist iconoclasm and clothing.
This video is intended primarily for European History students seeking to understand the basics of Calvinist theology in order to better understand the Protestant Reformation. I am a historian - not a theologian - and I am explaining the basics to students who have a casual scholarly interest in the subject. I am neither trying to prove nor to disprove the validity of Calvinist theology - just to inform people about the basic tenets in as informative and entertaining of a way as possible. It is not my intention to ignite a religious debate, although I understand that this is often a consequence when posting videos about theology.
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)
RENAISSANCE ART: SPAIN: ARCHITECTURE
RENAISSANCE ART: SPAIN: SCULPTURE AND PAINTING
EL GRECO
LUTHER AND THE PROTESTAN REFORMATION: CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY
In which John Green teaches you about the Protestant Reformation. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, pretty much everyone in Europe was a Roman Catholic. Not to get all great man, but Martin Luther changed all that. Martin Luther didn't like the corruption he saw in the church, especially the sale of indulgences, so he left the church and started his own. And it caught on! And it really did kind of change the world. The changes increased literacy and education, and some even say the Protestant Reformation was the beginning of Capitalism in Europe.
LUTHER (FILM)
If you want watch the film click on these links
Part 1
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUAezA66tuo
KING HENRY VIII: THE CHURCH AND THE REFORMATION
King Henry VIII and his part in the Reformation - the event that split the Christian church into Catholics and Protestants.
CALVINISM (INTRODUCTION TO JOHN CALVIN 'S REFORM THEOLOGY)
This video is an introduction to the teachings of John Calvin, the father of "Reformed" or "Calvinist" theology. Calvinism is a school of systematic theology that emphasizes the sovereignty of God, who through the doctrine of predestination, has ordained an Elect to join Him in the Kingdom of Heaven. In addition to introducing the foundations of Calvinist theology, I outline the "Five Points" of Calvinism (Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints) and talk about Calvinist iconoclasm and clothing.
This video is intended primarily for European History students seeking to understand the basics of Calvinist theology in order to better understand the Protestant Reformation. I am a historian - not a theologian - and I am explaining the basics to students who have a casual scholarly interest in the subject. I am neither trying to prove nor to disprove the validity of Calvinist theology - just to inform people about the basic tenets in as informative and entertaining of a way as possible. It is not my intention to ignite a religious debate, although I understand that this is often a consequence when posting videos about theology.
THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION
Mr. Richey explains the key elements of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, including the Council of Trent, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), and Teresa of Avila. This lecture was designed specifically for students preparing for the AP European History exam, but this would be useful to students taking World History and Western Civilization courses, as well.
OUTLINE 1 POINT 1 UNIT 8
OUTLINE 2 POINT 2 UNIT 8
OUTLINE 3 POINT 3 UNIT 8
OUTLINE 4 POINT 4 UNIT 8
OUTLINE 5 POINT 5 UNIT 8
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