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UNIT 10 : BAROQUE EUROPE (2ºESO)

UNIT 10: BAROQUE EUROPE



DUTCH EAST INDIES  (1602-1949 )






The Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië; Indonesian: Hindia-Belanda) was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800.

CAPITALISM AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY





In which John Green teaches you about the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, doing business as the VOC, also known as the Dutch East India Company. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch managed to dominate world trade, and they did all through the pioneering use of corporations and finance. Well, they did also use some traditional methods like violently enforced monopolies, unfair trade agreements, and plain old warfare. You'll learn how the Dutch invented stuff like joint stock corporations, maritime insurance, and futures trading. Basically, how the Dutch East India Company crashed the US economy in 2008. I'm kidding. Or am I?

THE THIRTY YEARS WAR




The Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618-1648 (Thirty Years!) in the Holy Roman Empire. It began as a conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Bohemia, but grew to involve Denmark, Sweden, and France. After the French began helping Gustavus Adolphus, the Protestant king of Sweden, the lines became blurry and the war became more about the balance of power in Europe than about religion. The Peace of Westphalia paved the way for France to become the dominant power in Western Europe and for the permanent decline of the Holy Roman Empire as a political institution.

If you like this lecture, check out my other lectures for AP European History and Western Civilization! 
http://www.tomrichey.net

THIRTY YEARS WAR XPLAINED IN 5 MINUTES




THE THIRTY YEARS WAR  (THE LAST RELIGIOUS WAR IN EUROPE)



A short lecture on the causes and effects of the Thirty Years War

LOUIS XIV THE SUN KING



ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES





What ARE absolute monarchies? Here's a quick, basic explanation of how they work. To follow: videos on the Enlightenment.

WHAT WAS THE TREATY  OF WESTPHALIA



The Treaty of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and marked a turning point in western history. Why was it so important? Well, watch the video.


THE KING WHO INVENTED BALLET LOUIS XIV AND THE NOBLE ART OF DANCE
(BBC DOCUMENTARY)



September 2015 marks the 300th anniversary of the death of King Louis XIV of France and this documentary looks at how Louis XIV not only had a personal passion and talent for dance, but supported and promoted key innovations, like the invention of dance notation and the founding of the world's first ballet school, that would lay the foundations for classical ballet to develop.
Presented by David Bintley, choreographer and director of the Birmingham Royal Ballet, the documentary charts how Louis encouraged the early evolution of ballet - from a male-dominated performance exclusive to the royal court to a professional artform for the public featuring the first female star ballerinas. The film also looks at the social context of dance during Louis XIV's reign, where ballets were used as propaganda and to be able to dance was an essential skill that anyone noble had to have.
As well as specially shot baroque dance sequences and groundbreaking recreations of 17th-century music, it also follows Bintley as he creates an exciting new one-act ballet inspired by Louis XIV. Danced by 15 members of the Birmingham Royal Ballet, The King Dances features an original score by composer Stephen Montague, designs by Katrina Lindsay and lighting by Peter Mumford and receives its world premiere on television directly after the documentary.


OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR




MONARCHY THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION



BERNINI THE POWER OF ART (BBC DOCUMENTARY)





Bernini from Gabe on Vimeo.


CATHOLIC BAROQUE 1: INTRODUCTION, BERNININI, BOROMINI
(ARTH 2020) 



ANCIENT MEGASTRUCTURES: ST PAUL'S CATHEDRAL











St Paul's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity of the English population.[4] It is the central subject of much promotional material, as well as postcard images of the dome standing tall, surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz.[4] Important services held at St Paul's include the funerals of Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher; Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, the launch of the Festival of Britain and the thanksgiving services for the Golden Jubilee, the 80th Birthday and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. St Paul's Cathedral is a busy working church, with hourly prayer and daily services.

CHURRIGUERESQUE




Churrigueresque refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building.

Origins


Named after the architect and sculptor, José Benito de Churriguera (1665–1725), who was born in Madrid of a Catalan family (originally named Xoriguera), and who worked primarily in Madrid and Salamanca, the origins of the style are said to go back to an architect and sculptor named Alonso Cano, who designed the facade of the cathedral at Granada, in 1667.



A distant precursor (early 15th century) of the highly elaborate style can be found in the Lombard Charterhouse of Pavia; yet the sculpture-encrusted facade still has the Italianate appeal to rational narrative. The Churrigueresque style appeals to the proliferative geometry, and has a more likely ancestry in the Moorish architecture or Mudéjar architecture that still remained through south and central Spain. The interior stucco roofs of, for example the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos in Granada, Spain, flourish with detail and ornamentation.

Development


The development of the style passed through three phases. Between 1680 and 1720, the Churriguera popularized Guarino Guarini's blend of Solomonic columns and composite order, known as "supreme order". Between 1720 and 1760, the Churrigueresque column, or estipite, in the shape of an inverted cone or obelisk, was established as a central element of ornamental decoration. The years from 1760 to 1780 saw a gradual shift of interest away from twisted movement and excessive ornamentation towards Neoclassical balance and sobriety.


Among the highlights of the style, interiors of the Granada Charterhouse offer some of the most impressive combinations of space and light in 18th-century Europe. Integrating sculpture and architecture even more radically, Narciso Tomé achieved striking chiaroscuro effects in his Transparente for the Toledo Cathedral. Perhaps the most visually intoxicating form of the style was Mexican Churrigueresque, practised in the mid-18th century by Lorenzo Rodriguez, whose masterpiece is the Sagrario Metropolitano (1749–69) in Mexico City, New Spain.



GIANLORENZO BERNINI


The Italian Baroque Sculptor, Painter and Architect Gianlorenzo Bernini and the Monks of St. Michael's.

CATHOLIC BAROQUE: CEILING PAINTING



CATHOLIC BAROQUE 3 : CARAVAGGIO


CATHOLIC BAROQUE 4 : CARAVAGGIO


ARTH 2020 CATHOLIC BAROQUE 5: ARTEMISA GENTILESCHI



ARTH 2020 CATHOLIC BAROQUE 6: VELAZQUEZ, RUBENS, POUSIN



ARTH 2020 DUTCH BAROQUE 1: LEYSTER AND VERMEER





ARTH 2020 DUTCH  BAROQUE 2: VERMEER, HALS AND REMBRANDT



CARAVAGGIO (DOCUMENTARY BY ROBERT HUGHES)






















GALLERY OF THE MASTERS: PETER PAUL RUBENS






THE DUTCH MASTERS : VAN DYCK




Please Enjoy...

The pupil of Rubens, Anthony van Dyck followed his master's example by traveling to Italy as part of his artistic training. He found inspiration in the Venetian Renaissance masters Titian and Giorgione. An enthusiasm for rich colors and the ability to depict the texture of fabric characterized Van Dyck's best work.

The Dutch Masters - Van Dyck (Full Documentary)

THE GREAT ARTISTS :THE DUTCH MASTER: REMBRANT



REMBRANDT: MASTER OF LIGHT & SHADOW


REMBRANDT BY HIMSELF






Rembrandt's self portraits



FRANS HALS IN THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM

(A LECTURE)






An afternoon exploring the famous Dutch painter's life, art, and brilliant brushwork.

THE DUTCH MASTERS: VERMEER


Please Enjoy...
Born in 1632, only three dozen canvases survive from his working life. A resident of the Dutch city of Delft, it is Vermeer's subject matter that is the first point of interest in his work. Unusually, he chose to depict scenes of ordinary, everyday life.
The Dutch Masters - Vermeer (Full Documentary)

VERMEER: MASTER OF LIGHT



A fantastic 2001 documentary, with a huge chunk exploring Vermeer's compositional methods and techniques. Narrated by Meryl Streep

My rebuttal to Tim's Vermeer:

It's obvious that Vermeer played around with a camera obscura, but the more likely explanation is that he became so familiar with its optical distortion that he 'became' a camera obscura (he adopted its way of seeing as his aesthetic). The placement of his pointillist highlights on the bread in the Milkmaid (for example) is like a how a camera obscura would place highlights on a highly reflective object, but NEVER a loaf of bread. He placed them there because he was creating it in his imagination to look how shinier objects would look through a camera obscura, because he consciously enjoyed the effect of it and created it thus.

If Vermeer were dependent on a bulky optical device he would never have painted the View of Delft -- a massive outdoor landscape scene that was certainly created at home. It was generally impossible before the advent of tubed paint to work alla prima outside, and if the camera obscura were a trade secret he would have never have risked using it in public. Vermeer worked it up (along with the 'Little Street') from drawings and returned to the studio to make it.

Vermeer painted all of his interiors in the same room of his small house in Delft, yet the windows, the floor, the walls etc. always look different. Why? Because he was creating them in his head to look like a camera obscura, but not slavishly with a camera obscura. 

Finally, X rays of Vermeer's paintings show that he reworked the placement of things over and over -- meaning he was building from imagination, not directly from an optical device.



VELAZQUEZ: THE PAINTER'S PAINTER




Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez baptised June 6, 1599 -- August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque period, important as a portrait artist. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he painted scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners, culminating in the production of his masterpiece Las Meninas (1656).



DIEGO VELAZQUEZ: NATIONAL GALLERY DOCUMENTARY



This is a video on the Spanish painter Diego Velazquez, and his brilliant art. All rights are reserved to The National Gallery.


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    OUTLINE 6 POINT 6 UNIT 10


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