FEUDAL EUROPE
ALLEGIANCE
Loyalty to a
lord.
BARREL
VAULT
A series of
arches supporting the roof of a building.
BUTTRESS
A stone
structure built against the side of a building to strengthen it.
CAPITAL
The decorated
top part of a column in a church or cathedral.
CLERGY
The body of
people holding a position of religious authority in he Church.
CRAFTSMAN
An artisan who makes certain types of object..
CROP
ROTATION
FThe practise
of growing crops in different fields from one year to another to improve soil
fertility. There were two-year and later three-year cycles.
CRUSADE
A Christian military expedition made by
Europeans to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims..
DEMESNE
The land and resources of a manor tha the
feudal lord kept for his own use..
DOWRY
Property or
goods given by a girl’s family to her husband at the time of their marriage.
ESTATE
One of the
three groups in Medieval society: the nobility, clergy and the third estate
which had no privileges.
EXCOMMUNICATION
Exclusion from
membership of a Church.
FALLOW LAND
Land that was not cultivated over a period of
time, usually one year..
FEUDALISM
The social
system in a medieval Europe. The monarch granted land to the nobility in
Exchange for loyalty and military assistance.
FIEF
The land that
a feudal lord granted his vassal in Exchange for services and loyalty.
HOMAGE
Adeclaration
of loyalty in Feudal Europe.
KEEP
A tower in a
Medieval castle where the nobles lived.
KNIGHT
A warrior who
served a feudal lord.
MANOR
The land and
buildings of a feudal lord.
MANORIALISM
The economic
ties between lords and peasants in Feudal Europe, also known as the manorial
system.
MERCHANT
A person who
travelled long distances to buy and sell goods.
MIDDLE AGES
The historical
period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It is divided
into the Early Middle Ages (5 th – 10 th centuries), the High Middle Ages (11
th – 13 th centuries) and the Late Middle Ages (14 th – 15 th centuries).
MINIATURE
A very small,
detailed painting.
MOAT
A ditch,
filled with water, surrounding a Medieval castle.
MONK
A member of a
religious order living in a separate community. Monks lived independently in
monasteries.
NAVE
The main
central part of a cathedral or church.
NOBLE
A member of
the nobility, or aristocracy.
PAGE
A boy who
received military training in Fedal Europe.
PEASANT
An
agricultural worker, who was sometimes free and sometimes a serf.
PLOUGH
A tool pulled
by an animal that preared a field for planting.
REGULAR
CLERGY
Members of a
religious order, like friars and nuns, who lived in searate communities.
RELIGIOUS
ORDERS
A group of
religious communities that lived apart from society.
ROMANESQUE
The main style
in European art and architecture between the 10 th and 12 th centuries.
SECULAR
CLERGY
Members of the Church , like bishops and parish
priests, who directed religious services for the rest of society.
SERF
A peasant who
worked for a single lord and occupied the same piece of land for life.
SQUIRE
A young man
who trained to become a knight.
TITHE
A tax
collected from travellers when they went through certain places.
TOURNAMENT
A military
competition in Feudal Europe.
TROUBADOUR
A travelling
Singer and performer in Medieval Europe.
TYMPANUM
A decorated
semi-circular surface over the entrance to a church or cathedral.
VASSAL
A nobleman or knight who was given land by his
feudal lord in exchange for services and
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