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ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY UNIT 2 (2º ESO)



FEUDAL EUROPE
ALLEGIANCE
Loyalty to a lord.
BARREL VAULT
A series of arches supporting the roof of a building.
BUTTRESS
A stone structure built against the side of a building to strengthen it.
CAPITAL
The decorated top part of a column in a church or cathedral.
CLERGY
The body of people holding a position of religious authority in he Church.
CRAFTSMAN
An artisan who makes certain types of object..
CROP ROTATION
FThe practise of growing crops in different fields from one year to another to improve soil fertility. There were two-year and later three-year cycles.
CRUSADE
A Christian military expedition made by Europeans to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims..
DEMESNE
The land and resources of a manor tha the feudal lord kept for his own use..
DOWRY
Property or goods given by a girl’s family to her husband at the time of their marriage.
ESTATE
One of the three groups in Medieval society: the nobility, clergy and the third estate which had no privileges.
EXCOMMUNICATION
Exclusion from membership of a Church.
FALLOW LAND
Land that was not cultivated over a period of time, usually one year..
FEUDALISM
The social system in a medieval Europe. The monarch granted land to the nobility in Exchange for loyalty and military assistance.
FIEF
The land that a feudal lord granted his vassal in Exchange for services and loyalty.
HOMAGE
Adeclaration of loyalty in Feudal Europe.
KEEP
A tower in a Medieval castle where the nobles lived.
KNIGHT
A warrior who served a feudal lord.
MANOR
The land and buildings of a feudal lord.
MANORIALISM
The economic ties between lords and peasants in Feudal Europe, also known as the manorial system.
MERCHANT
A person who travelled long distances to buy and sell goods.
MIDDLE AGES
The historical period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It is divided into the Early Middle Ages (5 th – 10 th centuries), the High Middle Ages (11 th – 13 th centuries) and the Late Middle Ages (14 th – 15 th centuries).
MINIATURE
A very small, detailed painting.
MOAT
A ditch, filled with water, surrounding a Medieval castle.
MONK
A member of a religious order living in a separate community. Monks lived independently in monasteries.
NAVE
The main central part of a cathedral or church.
NOBLE
A member of the nobility, or aristocracy.
PAGE
A boy who received military training in Fedal Europe.
PEASANT
An agricultural worker, who was sometimes free and sometimes a serf.
PLOUGH
A tool pulled by an animal that preared a field for planting.
REGULAR CLERGY
Members of a religious order, like friars and nuns, who lived in searate communities.
RELIGIOUS ORDERS
A group of religious communities that lived apart from society.
ROMANESQUE
The main style in European art and architecture between the 10 th and 12 th centuries.
SECULAR CLERGY
Members of the Church , like bishops and parish priests, who directed religious services for the rest of society.
SERF
A peasant who worked for a single lord and occupied the same piece of land for life.
SQUIRE
A young man who trained to become a knight.
TITHE
A tax collected from travellers when they went through certain places.
TOURNAMENT
A military competition in Feudal Europe.
TROUBADOUR
A travelling Singer and performer in Medieval Europe.
TYMPANUM
A decorated semi-circular surface over the entrance to a church or cathedral.
VASSAL
A nobleman or knight who was given land by his feudal lord in exchange for services and

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