GOTHIC EUROPE
ALTARPIECE
A religious
work o art displayed behind the altar of a church.
APPRENTICE
A craftsman
who learned his skills in a master craftsman’s workshop in return for food and
accomodation.
BLACK DEATH
An epidemic of
bubonic plague that killed millions of people in the 14 th century..
BOURGEOISIE
The wealthy
social class of merchants and property owners.
BURGHER
A member of he rading and merchant class in a
Medieval city.
BUTTRESS
A stone
structure built against the side of a building to strengthen it.
CITY STATE
A small independent state consisting of a city
and its surrounding countryside.
CRAFTSMAN
An artisan who
makes certain types of object.
CROP
ROTATION
The practise
of growing crops in different fields from one year to another to improve soil
fertility. There were two – year and later three- year cycles.
GOTHIC
The main style
in European art and architecture in the 13 th and 14 th centuries.
GUILD
An association
of people working in the same field, suc as carpinters or shoe makers..
INVESTITURE
The
appointment of a religious leader like a bishop.
JOURNEYMAN
An artisan who
worked in a master craftsman’s workshop in Exchange for a salary.
MASTER
CRAFTSMAN
A skilled
artisan who owned a workshop.
MERCHANT
A person who travelled
long distances to buy and sell goods.
MIDDLE AGES
The historical
period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It is divided
into the Early Middle Ages (5 th – 10 th centuries), the High Middle Ages (11
th – 13 th centuries) and the Late Middle Ages (14 h- 15 th centuries).
MONARCHY
A system of
government in which a king or queen holds political authority.
PARLIAMENT
A representative
assembly, hat had different names such as the Cortes in Spain and the Estates
General in France.
PERSPECTIVE
An artistic
technique that gives an impression of depth in a painting.
PLAGUE
A contagious
disease that spreads rapidly through a population..
REVOLT
A rebellion.
SCHISM
The division
that takes place when a religious movement splits into separate groups.
TRADE FAIR
A market where
merchants traded with each other.
TRADE ROUTE
A network of
cities, rivers and roads where merchants travelled.
WORKSHOP
The building
where a crafstman made his products.
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